U R AMD

Mojtaba Sadeghi asked:


Introduction:

When we are talking about dualcore processors , this question will appear in our mind that : What is the benefit of using from Dualcore processors? And With the growing of using of dual core processors, this question is more important than before. Will dual core processor be more useful for us?what is the advantages and disadvantages

of using dualcore processors? and what are the differences between Dualcore and dual processors?INTEL and AMD technology in dual core micro architecture. Which one is better?

I want to attempt in this paper to answer to these questions.

Definition of DualCore and compare with Dual Processor:

one of question for some users that they want to buy a high configuration system is if they want to have two processors in their computers. For video editing, huge graphic processing, multi-threading in applications, or a lot of multitasking the answer is positive. Then the second question becomes here: two separate processors or a single dual core processor ? Dual processor or Dual core ,which one is better for me?As we know computer manufacturers are trying to increasing the speed of processors.

However, size of duo, complexity and heat issues it has become increasingly difficult to make CPUs faster. To continue to improve performance, they reached to another solution. because having two Processors and of course one mainboard that support of hosting them is more expensive. Computer Architecture engineers created another

way: Using two Processors, Join them together in one chip. It can have the power and performance of two Processors but only one socket on the motherboard there is. This price will be cheaper , and allows for the power of two cores with a cost that is less than two separate Processors.

There are differences between brands mostly Intel and AMD that how they combined two cores in one chip, and the speeds they run each core that can directly affect how much is the performance from having a dual core Processor. Additionally, different types of programs get differing benefits and they use different types from dual core Processor that we will discuss about that in this research.

A dual core processor is exactly what that we say. It is two processor cores on one die

and like a dual processor system in one processor. AMD’s Opteron processor has been

dual processor capable since started. Opteron was designed with an extra HyperTransport link that we will discuss about that. HyperTransport Technology means a faster data connection that it can to transfer more data between two chips. It

doesn’t mean that the chip is faster by itself. It means this technology gives capability via the HyperTransport pathway for one chip to communication to another part.

As I explained a Dualcore Processor is a combination of two independent processors in a single package or a single integrated circuit (IC). A Dual Processor device contains two independent microprocessors and a quad core device contains four microprocessors as well. Cores in a Dualcore Processors will share a single coherent cache at the highest cache level that we say L2 Level cache, or may have

separate caches like current AMD dual-core processors. Each “core” independently

implements optimizations like: Fetching, Decoding, execution, pipelining, and

multithreading. A system with N cores is very useful when we have N or more threads at the same time . The technology is used in other technology areas in these days, especially those of embedded processors such as network processors In these

applications, multi-core processors with higher numbers of processing elements is using these days.

Section 2: Multi Processing

As a remind Multiprocessing is the using of two or more Processors in a computer system. OF course one of important issue is the ability of system for support more than one processor and the ability to allocate and divide the tasks between them.

Multiprocessing sometimes refers to the execution of various concurrent program processes in a system. However multiprogramming is very suitable to describe this concept, which is usually implemented in software, but multiprocessing is involve to describe the use of multiple Processors. Totally a system can be multiprocessing and multiprogramming , only one of them, or neither of them.

Section 3: Multi Thread Scheduling

One of question in Dualcore research is really how a computer knows when to use each core.The answer is that Operating system is responsible,because There is a part in the operating system that we call “scheduler” . Scheduler will order the Processor that which program should run at any time. This allows different programs can run at the same time, and processor can switch back between them if needed. When a lot of programs are running at the same time , a computer seems slow. If a dual-core

processor be available , the scheduler has twice Processor resource to work with that.

Normally this allows for some abilities like being able to run one core specifically for

a game, while using the other core to “background” things that keep the rest of the

system running. And sometimes both cores can work on the same program ,but if it designed to use advantage of dualcore that we call “multi-threaded”. However, it is important to note that if you are running a program and it is not “multi-threaded”, you will not get any benefit from more than one Processor or core.

Micro architecture of Processor resources divide to three types:

Replicated,Partitioned and shared.

Section 4 : Development

While manufacturing technology continues to improve, reducing the size of single gates become as a important issue. Some of this changing and physical limitations can create significant heat dissipation and data synchronization problems. The demand for more capable microprocessors with more efficiency causes CPU designers to use various methods of increasing performance. Some instruction-level parallelism (ILP) methods like pipelining are suitable for many applications, but they are not suitable for others. Many applications and programs are used to thread level parallelism(TLP) methods, and multiple independent CPUs is one method used to increase a system’s overall TLP. Increasing available space due to refined manufacturing processes and the demand for increased TLP are the most logic behind the creation of Dualcore Procesors.

Section 5: Two cores versus Sole core

There are three important definition and term that I want to explain about them in my

paper .pipeline, cache and bus. This is the most explanations of what is pipelining in CPU .

First we should know the data instruction set. A processor loads the instructions into a pipeline.It means The data will process sequentially one set after another set.

Shorter pipeline means that more job will be perform in pipeline per clock cycle.

However with a shorter pipeline the data will get faster balancing that is very important as well.This is the main reason that AMD can compete with higher clock INTEL processors.

If the processor needs to access and communicate with outside of the cache ,it should be through the bus to system RAM. Now if the CPU cache is running at the same clock speed as the processor itself. If it is a 3GHz processor then the speed limitation between cache and the processor is 3GHz. If the processor has to communicate and

reach out of the bus to main memory then it should comes slow down to that bus speed. I mean a bus speed of 600 MHz is five times slower than the 3GHz .

Section 6: Implementation

There are different ways between AMD and Intel dual-core technology. AMD claims that they had this plan the move to dual-core from 6 years ago.from that time the first Athlon64 and Opteron released. The benefit of the AMD technology is in the way that the two cores will communicate directly with each other. Intel in another side, put two of Pentium cores on the same chip, and if they need to communicate

with each other it has to perform through the mainboard.another issue is that Intel did not increase the speed of FSB or front-side-bus that as we know is the connection between the Processor and the mainboard.It shows they

switched to dual-core and it means that the processing power did double but the amount of bandwidth for each core did not. This issue a little create suspect on the Intel design, and some users believe that Intel prevents it from being as powerful as it can be. But Intel Designers continue to use faster system memory to keep information supplied to the processor cores. For example the highest-end Intel chip,

the Pentium Extreme Edition 955chip , it has a higher FSB speed, as well as having a larger 2MB per core cache memory and the ability to use Hyperthreading.

On the other hand AMD Company, didn’t use the old model of FSB. They use a new technology that we call HyperTransport to communicate with the Chipset and system memory, and they also moved the memory controller from the chipset to the

processor. By this new technology , AMD arrived to many advantage, especially with the move to dual-core processors. The latest generation of AMD solo core processor can use single channel or dual channel memory, but we should consider to that even though dual channel operation will double the memory speed, but it does not double

the actual memory performance for solo core processors. It shows that dual channel memory just provides more bandwidth than a solo processor core can use. However, with dual core processor all the extra bandwidth can be use.

Section 7: Advantages

In dual Processors at the same die have the cache coherency circuitry can that operate

much higher clock rate than is possible if the signals have to travel off-chip. It means

combining Two processors on a single die improves the performance of cache snoop or cache searching operations. That means the signals between different Processors travel shorter distances, those signals degrade less. These higher quality signals allow more data send and recieve in a specific time since individual signals can be shorter and do not need to repeat them.

Another issue is power consumption in hardware. A dualcore processor uses less power than two single-core processors or dual processors. The reason is that for increasing power required to drive signals external to the chip and because the smaller silicon process allows the cores to operate in lower voltages. The cores share some

circuitry, like the L2 cache and the interface to the front side bus (FSB).

Section 8: Disadvantages

As we learnt in Operating system and Computer Architecture totally Operating Systems try the best t use from available hardware for running the programs with maximize utilization mostly about Processor and RAM. Also, the ability of Dualcore processors to increase Software performance but it depends on the use of multiple

threads in application or program. For example, most of new video games will run faster on a 3 GHz singlecore processor than on a 2GHz dualcore processor in the the same core architecture. Because they are not capable of using more than one core at a time.

Another issue is about thermal. In a Dualcore Processor is more difficult to manage thermal than lower-density single chip processors. From an architectural point of view we can say sole core processor designs might be make better use of the silicon surface area than Dual processor design.in fact Two processing cores sharing in the same system bus and memory bandwidth will limit the real-world performance advantage. If a single core is close to being memory bandwidth limited, change to dual-core may only gives 30% to 65% improvement. And If memory bandwidth

doesn’t make any problem, till 90% improvement can be expected. It would be possible for a software or application that use from two processors for running faster on one dualcore processor if communication between the Processor was the limited by factor, which would count as more than 100% improvement.

Section 9: Power Consumption

As we know the policy of Intel company is to design not only fast processors but also very economical processors when they were attemping on the new Core architecture.

Therefore, they started new activity base on performance-per-watt. That’s why it is

interesting to look the power consumption of the new processors and compare it to the previous-generation processors based on older architecture.

For better conclusion I found a special utility to measure the maximum power consumption .It measured the current that goes through the CPU power circuitry. First , It measured the processors power consumption in idle mode.

The results are very diverse, as you can see, which is probably caused by too different

processor models participating. However, generally speaking, Core 2 Duo processors

can really boast the most economical performance in idle mode.

Section 10: Integral Characteristics of the Dual-Core Processors

Now I want to conclude my analysis of the new Intel processors performance and their features with those of other currently available dual-core CPUs with details for parameters that are indirectly connected with the performance rate.

For this reason , I decided to put an average performance chart for testing . We calculated this parameter as geometric mean of all normalized results obtained during this test session.

As we can see this chart again shows the better performance of the new Intel CPUs.

Athlon 64 Fx-62, can only compete with Core 2 Duo E6600, while Pentium Extreme Edition 965 cannot do competition even with Core 2 Duo E6400. From the performance view, Core 2 Extreme X6800, Core 2 Duo E6700 and Core 2 Duo E6600 on Intel Core microarchitecture won in this comparation.

Conclusion:

Actually we have made the most important conclusions about the performance,pricing and power consumption of DualCore Processors in this research. I just want to say once again that Intel company really did a great and excellent job with these processors on Core micro architecture.of course I don’t want to say that AMD lost this competition and market in the world. This company managed with different way

and policy for their technology and products.and as we know AMD let Intel take the high-end market, but the cheaper price of AMD causes the are still remind as a powerfull competitor for intel.Ans also let me say that Pentium D processor family that has lost quite a few of its

members will still remain in demand. Despite the high over heating and power consumption of the models in this family, they will still be a good choice for inexpensive or home systems.

As you can see, the move to dual-core is definitely a win for consumers. Since they

are more economy than dual processor computers, and they can give the same or better performance. It can be the standard for modern computer systems.

Fan C asked:


what is the fastest Intel desktop ?
what is the fastest Intel mobile processor?
what is the fastest AMD desktop?
what is the fastest AMD mobile processor?

Rahul asked:


Hello ppl,
I wanted to buy a new processor, and was looking for new processors, so wanted to ask if amd athlon processor work on my current motherboard, which have intel chip installed currently, My motherboard specs are as follows:

Manufacturer: KOBIAN
Model: PI845GLM
Chipset: Intel i845GL

And Also, please tell me which one’s better (amd or intel) for gaming pupose, i need atleast 2.8 GHz frequency.

Thanks.

Scott White asked:


It might be almost blasphemous to talk about letting go of old brand equity and laying an old brand to rest, but there are times when change is needed. Reformulating and re-designing, or even overhauling an old brand can be a wise decision. If sales are flat and show no sign of growth, you’d better stop kidding yourself and hire a branding consultant.

Brands are an extremely vital element in your product and corporate value proposition. With communications so pervasive today, corporate branding and product branding are becoming fused as one. Corporate brands are increasingly powering product brands and product sales and that poses some substantial risk as those sub brands can’t be as easily re-positioned when they falter.

Brand Culture

As time passes, culture changes, new technologies and new competing brands appear and they change the perception of value that is available in a marketplace. Old sales propositions won’t fly in the face of 20 or more other competitors offering the same benefits and features. With cultural, economic, technology changes, and corporate changes, your aging brand image and brand equity may end up doing more harm than good. Your former branding successes could leave your brand and company stuck in the past.

A good example of age related branding problem is in the realm of computer products. I recently bought a new laptop computer because my old one just couldn’t keep up with my multitasking and other work needs. At the retail store, there were computers with Intel or AMD microprocessors to choose from. The key matter wasn’t really microprocessor speed or capability. In the past, the Intel logo would have compelled me to buy only computers with their processors regardless of what other features were available in the computer. The Intel brand was clearly in a class by itself. Not this time. This AMD powered computer was low priced and had the memory I required along with other features such as a 100 Gb hard drive, high resolution screen, numerous ports and adapters and a long lasting battery. It only weighs a couple of pounds and the AMD logo seemed to look better too. It says: AMD Turion 64 Mobile Technology. 64 bits and mobile compatibility. Why doesn’t Intel mention that on the computer they have their products in?

Laptops are hot and prices are falling. My 15 year old nephew just bought his first laptop on eBay, since they are cheaper and more accessible. So the whole “culture” of shopping and purchasing computers has changed.

Everyone is buying high resolution screens and I was eager to ease my eye strain from long hours of viewing everyday. The huge hard drive was great and the laptop looks good too. The old Intel brand just didn’t have the effect it once did, and their competitor, AMD, just sold one of their processors. The laptop is working great and now Intel processors don’t dictate which computer I’ll buy.

To me, the Intel logo and brand brings back memories of old Pentium computers. This is worsened by the fact that today’s processors have changed and they are running at lower speeds. This confuses the speed benefit that Intel had its brand positioned around. The technology change in viewing screens, memory, and processor use in the computer has moved the market away from where Intel was positioned. The Intel corporate brand powers sales of their new processors, but they can call those new products anything they want and it won’t effective my decision.

What Intel needs to do now, is to associate its processors with the features and benefits that consumers and B2B buyers make decisions upon. Computer branding is not all about the processors anymore and the old Intel brand image is deeply tied to old technology. Even the brand name Pentium is associated with the computer culture of the 90’s.

Here’s the issue: the old Intel brand was so successful in 90’s that it’s trapped Intel in a time warp. Intel needs new branding that ties it to the future, not the past. To get there, they are probably going to have to jettison the past.

Google is a good example of modern branding and a brand that is not tied solely to web search engines. The brand is now diversified strategically to associate it with everything people are doing on the web. Google is omnipresent, and its brand image is solely in its relevance to the current Internet culture. Google won’t let its common search engine role diminish its branding power.

Hanging onto to Old Branding Concepts

There’s a lot of reason why brand managers, CEOs, and marketing managers resist rethinking their branding and redeveloping their brands. Most often, they don’t want to leave their comfort zone and risk a short term blip in profit. Some don’t want to make an investment in hiring a branding consultant to look at the options. Branding experts examine a brand to discover its current problems, the culture of the marketplace, and to determine if a new brand identity or brand positioning would be fruitful. Some old brands are doomed, but most are just stale and not in tune with the target market. A branding consultant can provide crucial insight into market perception, brand value building, brand loyalty development, and to discover the brand value proposition that could breathe new life into your brands.

From product branding, to corporate branding all the way to extending brand reach on the Internet, Brand Identity Guru provides corporate clients with brand audits, new brand designs, corporate communications strategies, brand boosting web design, and even powerful search engine marketing services. BIG has the complete branding solution for modern e-enterprises. Reach plus relevance. That’s a hard combination to beat.

Autokiller36 asked:

Which one is the best?
intel pentium 3 or AMD processor?

krimla2000 asked:


Ok, I just purchased a model 185 AMD dual core processor. My motherboard’s bios supports dual core so that’s not a problem. Now, after I install my processor, do I need to activate a special bios setting and after boot up and do I need to install any special windows XP feature to get it to recognize both cores? Is this all an automatic “plug n play” operation that does all this itself (like single core processors)? Thanks for any help.

Dick Wheeler asked:


Trade show exhibitors often create magical environments to take you “out of the ordinary”—and sweep you away to another world. They can be filled with music (The House of Blues found at the Exhibitor Show 2006 in Las Vegas), or animals (live African blackfooted penguins at the Magnussen Home Furnishing’s booth at International Home Furnishings Market’s biannual trade show in April 2005), adventure or just plain fun.

Trade show exhibitors often ask why they should create a distinctive theme for their trade show display booth. There are at least three good reasons. Themes set you apart from your competition, stimulate excitement and momentum for your staff, and dramatically increase traffic to your trade show display.

Here’s a good example: The International Home Furnishing Market’s biannual trade show (April 2005) was spread over 12 million square feet in 188 different buildings with over 75,000 attendees. Magnussen Home Furnishing was exhibiting at this giant trade show and their theme was Jazz Age opulence featuring Irving Berlin’s “Puttin’ on the Ritz” with high hats, narrow collars, white spats and lots of dollars. They used pear shaped penguins that looked like sophisticated men in tuxedos as a whimsical tie-in to their trade show theme of elegance. A way to grab attention at this vast exhibit space was to have real penquins (intimately identified with the Magnussen exhibit) seen by thousands of visitors over four days in the 10 by 10 foot eye- level special habitat built in the trade show exhibit lobby. Magnussen enhanced their penguin theme by having their male staff wear tuxedos while their female staff wore white blouses and either black skirts or black slacks. They also hired teenagers dressed as penguins to roam the spacious trade show floor to attract attendees to their trade show display. The fact that there was a Jazz age band playing with glamorous ballroom dancers showing off the ritz also pleased and thrilled attendees at the dramatic 35,000 square foot Magnussen exhibit booth. Their jazzy results: a 20-percent increase in show visitors over the year before.

In October 2003, Magnussen tabbed their trade show display theme the “Magic of Magnussen.” Two magicians in the lobby acted like pied pipers drawing attendees to their trade show booth while performing riveting magic tricks. Magnussen staff handed out decks of playing cards and they had a stuffed bunny popping out of a black hat as a giveaway. Their magical results: about a 10-percent increase in attendance over the previous year.

Advanced Micro Devices Inc. (AMD) chose the theme, “Break Free” at the National Association of Broadcasters 2005 show. It hit the right cord for the market that wants to do things differently and think beyond restraints. AMD had five hip actors dressed in business suits wearing 3-D glasses spread the message of AMD on the trade show floor, the lobby and the trade show displays of their partners. The cool actors gave out entry cards and 3 D glasses to visitors who got to enter a contest to win an AMD processor-powered laptop each day of the show.

Result: exceeded their original goal of 1500 visitors by 33%.

Remember that by having a theme for your company at your trade show display, you create excitement, focus, and sales. Your trade show themed message becomes a mantra and a hypnotic magnet.

Dick Wheeler is President of Professional Exhibits & Graphics, headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. The firm is a full-service premiere trade show exhibit, graphics and management services company. For addtional information, go to www.proexhibits.com.

© Copyright 1996-2006, Professional Exhibits & Graphics. All Rights Reserved

Keith H asked:


What is better as well.

Pooja Lapasia asked:


Dell laptops are designed to suit wide range of needs. They have provided quality at affordable rates which has made worthy laptops reach the common person. Dell has constantly experimented with its laptop offering and has created a series of laptops catering every need. It has the Dell XPS series aimed at gaming enthusiasts. The famed Dell Inspiron series is for the mid-range user which combines style, portability and functionality. The Dell Vostro series aims at small and medium business users compiling work and entertainment.

Dell laptops have carved a niche in almost all categories of users. Dell has pioneered in using lithium-ion batteries in laptops to provide enduring laptop usage with greater battery backup capacity. Dell laptops use Intel and AMD processing systems. The AMD processors are used in their gaming platforms and Intel is used for other computing needs.

They are soon about to launch a laptop which has extended battery life performance. This will enable users to operate their laptop by being wireless for hours together. The low price Dell laptops are available for Rs. 35,000 and above. They face competition from popular brands like Acer laptops, Sony laptops, Toshiba laptops, Hp, laptops and Lenovo laptops. Dell has been a favorite for their prompt after sales service and dedicated customer care. Dell laptops lack the enhanced audio/video capability but have enduring performance for most computing needs.

There are some latest dell laptops to be launched in their Latitude and Precision series; these laptops are aimed at providing slim looks and heavy performance. The new-range offers the lightest laptop by the company to the heavy performance based machines.

Dell Laptops has an interactive online support which provides technical solutions virtually. This helps in providing you professional guidance for your entire computer quires. To buy Dell laptops you can go their official site and place an order or you can make purchases from popular shopping based websites. Dell is an option to consider while buying a laptop is for their dedicated customer care and good after sales service. Their USP lies in providing a well-featured laptop with enhanced performance at a reasonable price. This combination of features make Dell laptops a gullible buy. Their products are of high specifications and provide scope for up gradations. You can get the best Dell laptop that suits your needs and fits in your budget.

jim j asked:


What is the intel equivalent to an AMD Athlon 64 X2 TK-57 and which would be better. The intel or AMD?